藤憶之
魏文侯問(wèn)于子夏曰:“吾端冕而聽(tīng)古樂(lè),,則唯恐臥,;聽(tīng)鄭衛(wèi)之音,則不知倦,。敢問(wèn):古樂(lè)之如彼何也,?新樂(lè)之如此何也?”子夏對(duì)曰:“今夫古樂(lè),,進(jìn)旅退旅,,和正以廣。弦匏笙簧,,會(huì)守拊鼓,,始奏以文,復(fù)亂以武,,治亂以相,訊疾以雅,。君子于是語(yǔ),,于是道古,修身及家,,平均天下,。此古樂(lè)之發(fā)也。今夫新樂(lè),,進(jìn)俯退俯,奸聲以濫,,溺而不止,;及優(yōu)侏儒,糅雜子女,,不知父子。樂(lè)終不可以語(yǔ),,不可以道古,。此新樂(lè)之發(fā)也。今君之所問(wèn)者樂(lè)也,,所好者音也,!夫樂(lè)者,與音相近而不同,。”文侯曰:“敢問(wèn)何如?”子夏對(duì)曰:“夫古者,,天地順而四時(shí)當(dāng),,民有德而五谷昌,疾疢不作而無(wú)妖祥,,此之謂大當(dāng),。然后圣人作為父子君臣,以為紀(jì)綱,。紀(jì)綱既正,,天下大定,。天下大定,,然后正六律,和五聲,,弦歌詩(shī)頌,,此之謂德音;德音之謂樂(lè),?!对?shī)》云:『莫其德音,其德克明,??嗣骺祟悾碎L(zhǎng)克君,,王此大邦,;克順克俾,俾于文王,,其德靡悔,。既受帝祉,施于孫子,?!淮酥^也。今君之所好者,,其溺音乎,?”文侯曰:“敢問(wèn)溺音何從出也?”子夏對(duì)曰:“鄭音好濫淫志,,宋音燕女溺志,,衛(wèi)音趨數(shù)煩志,齊音敖辟喬志,;此四者皆淫于色而害于德,,是以祭祀弗用也,。《詩(shī)》云:『肅雍和鳴,,先祖是聽(tīng),。』夫肅肅,,敬也,;雍雍,,和也,。夫敬以和,何事不行,?為人君者謹(jǐn)其所好惡而已矣,。君好之,則臣為之,。上行之,,則民從之?!对?shī)》云:『誘民孔易』,,此之謂也?!比缓?,圣人作為鼗、鼓,、椌、楬,、塤,、篪,此六者德音之音也,。然后鐘磬竽瑟以和之,,干戚旄狄以舞之,此所以祭先王之廟也,,所以獻(xiàn)酬酳酢也,,所以官序貴賤各得其宜也,所以示后世有尊卑長(zhǎng)幼之序也,。鐘聲鏗,,鏗以立號(hào),號(hào)以立橫,,橫以立武,。君子聽(tīng)鐘聲則思武臣,。石聲磬,磬以立辨,,辨以致死,。君子聽(tīng)磬聲則思死封疆之臣。絲聲哀,,哀以立廉,,廉以立志。君子聽(tīng)琴瑟之聲則思志義之臣,。竹聲濫,,濫以立會(huì),會(huì)以聚眾,。君子聽(tīng)竽笙簫管之聲,,則思畜聚之臣。鼓鼙之聲讙,,讙以立動(dòng),,動(dòng)以進(jìn)眾。君子聽(tīng)鼓鼙之聲,,則思將帥之臣,。君子之聽(tīng)音,非聽(tīng)其鏗槍而已也,,彼亦有所合之也,。